According to @1HowardWu, no transparent chain can deliver real privacy, so a purpose-built end-to-end zero-knowledge stack is required rather than forking Ethereum’s EVM architecture designed for public execution. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. According to @1HowardWu, snarkVM compiles programs into zkSNARK circuits that execute off-chain with proofs verified on-chain, while the EVM executes publicly on-chain, making the computational models fundamentally different for privacy-preserving smart contracts. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. According to @1HowardWu, the Leo language enforces privacy at the type-system level and guarantees declared private data remains private throughout execution, which Solidity and Rust do not natively support. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. For traders, the source indicates that ZK-native stacks like Aleo may address privacy guarantees that EVM-based retrofits cannot, so differentiate valuation and risk between EVM-compatible privacy add-ons and chains built on ZK-first VMs when assessing the zero-knowledge privacy narrative. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025.

According to @1HowardWu, the Leo language now enables web developers to build private zero-knowledge (ZK) applications without requiring advanced cryptography expertise, streamlining the creation of privacy-focused decentralized apps. The Leo playground at play.leo-lang.org offers over 10 starter projects, making it significantly easier for developers to integrate ZK proofs into crypto applications. This advancement is poised to accelerate adoption of privacy tools in the cryptocurrency market, potentially increasing demand for privacy coins and blockchain platforms supporting ZK technology (Source: Twitter/@1HowardWu, May 13, 2025).